Zimela ntoni izibane zeLed?

Izibane ze-LED, ezimele i-Light Emitting Diodes, ziye zanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ubomi obude, kunye nokuguquguquka. Nokuba uqhelene nezibane ze-LED okanye usaqala ukufunda ngazo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba izibane ze-LED zimela ntoni kwaye zingakunceda njani. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imiba eyahlukeneyo yezibane ze-LED, kubandakanya imbali yazo, itekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neenzuzo. Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, uya kuba nokuqonda okubanzi kwezibane ze-LED kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Iimpawu zeMbali yezibane ze-LED

Imbali yezibane ze-LED zibuyela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 xa izazinzulu zafumanisa i-phenomenon ye-electroluminescence kwizinto ezithile ze-semiconductor. Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kube ngowe-1960 apho izibane ze-LED ezisebenzayo zaphuhliswa. I-LED yokuqala esebenzayo yasungulwa nguNick Holonyak Jr. ngo-1962 ngelixa esebenzela i-General Electric. Le LED yangaphambili ikhuphe ukukhanya okubomvu okuphantsi, kodwa yabeka isiseko sophuhliso lwezibane ze-LED eziphucukileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, abaphandi kunye neenjineli benza inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-LED, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwezibane ze-LED ngemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nokuqina. Kwiminyaka ye-1990, ii-LED eziluhlaza zenziwe ngempumelelo, ezenza ukuba kuveliswe izibane ezimhlophe ze-LED. Namhlanje, izibane ze-LED zifumaneka kwimibala emininzi kwaye zisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezingenakubalwa, ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwendawo yokuhlala ukuya kwiziboniso zombane.

Iimpawu zeTekhnoloji emva kwezibane ze-LED

Itekhnoloji emva kwezibane ze-LED isekelwe kumgaqo we-electroluminescence, okuyinkqubo yokukhupha ukukhanya ngenxa yombane odlulayo kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor. Izibane ze-LED ziquka i-semiconductor diode ekhupha ukukhanya xa umbane wombane udlula kuyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-semiconductor ezisetyenziswa kwizibane ze-LED yi-gallium arsenide, i-gallium phosphide, kunye ne-gallium nitride.

Izibane ze-LED ziyaziwa ngokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, njengoko ziguqula ipesenti ephezulu yamandla ombane ekukhanyeni xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent okanye ze-fluorescent. Oku kufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kwe "bandgap" kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor, ezivumela ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kwamandla ekukhanyeni. Ukongeza, izibane ze-LED zinobomi obude kunezibane zemveli, kunye nezinye ii-LED ezihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-50,000 nangaphezulu.

Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwezibane ze-LED

Izibane ze-LED zisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwendlu ukuya kwiinjongo zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino. Kwiindawo zokuhlala, izibane ze-LED ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi, ukukhanya komsebenzi, kunye nokukhanyisa ukukhanya. Ukusebenza kwamandla abo kunye nobomi obude bubenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokulondoloza. Izibane ze-LED zikwasetyenziswa kwiziboniso ze-elektroniki, njengewotshi yedijithali, izibane zendlela, kunye neempawu zangaphandle, ngenxa yokukhanya kunye nokubonakala kwazo.

Kwiimeko zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino, izibane ze-LED zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukukhanya kwendawo yokugcina impahla, ukukhanya kwesitrato, kunye nokukhanya kwezakhiwo. Izibane ze-LED zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zeemoto kunye nezothutho, njengezibane zentloko, izibane zebrake, kunye nezibane zangaphakathi. Ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kwezibane ze-LED kwenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle.

Iimpawu eziluncedo kwizibane ze-LED

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa izibane ze-LED xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa bendabuko. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili kukusebenza kwabo kwamandla, njengoko izibane ze-LED zisebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye zivelise ukukhanya okungaphezulu, okukhokelela kumatyala aphantsi kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Izibane ze-LED nazo zinobomi obude, oku kuthetha ukutshintshwa rhoqo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokugcinwa.

Enye inzuzo yezibane ze-LED kukuguquguquka kwazo ngokwemibala kunye nokuqina. Izibane ze-LED zinokuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala, okwenza ukuba zilungele imiphumo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanyisa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza, izibane ze-LED zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye azifuni ixesha lokufudumala, ngokungafaniyo nezibane zendabuko. Oku kubenza balungele usetyenziso apho ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo kuyimfuneko, njengokukhanya okungxamisekileyo kunye nezibane ezivuliweyo.

Iimpawu zekamva lezibane ze-LED

Ikamva lezibane ze-LED libukeka lithembisa, kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso olujoliswe ekuphuculeni ngakumbi ukusebenza kwabo, ixesha lokuphila, kunye nokuguquguquka. Abaphandi basebenza ekuphuhliseni izinto ezisebenzayo ze-semiconductor kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa ukunciphisa iindleko zezibane ze-LED kunye nokwenza ukuba zifikeleleke ngakumbi kubathengi.

Kukwakho umdla okhulayo wokuphumeza iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezikrelekrele ezisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-LED ukubonelela ngezisombululo zokukhanyisa ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso nezisebenza ngamandla. Ezi nkqubo zokukhanyisa zinokulawulwa ukude zisebenzisa ii-smartphones okanye ezinye izixhobo, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlengahlengise ukukhanya, umbala, kunye nokucwangcisa ngokwezinto abazithandayo. Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa kwezibane ze-LED kunye ne-sensor kunye netekhnoloji ye-automation kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe ngakumbi ukonga amandla kunye nokulula kweenkqubo zokukhanyisa i-LED.

Ukuqukumbela, izibane ze-LED ziye zahamba ixesha elide ukususela ekuqalisweni kwazo kwi-1960s, kwaye ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhanyisa kwanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubonisa. Imbali, itekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neenzuzo zezibane ze-LED zonke zinegalelo ekubalulekeni kwazo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Njengoko uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso luqhubeka nokuphucula iteknoloji ye-LED, sinokulindela ukubona izicelo ezintsha kunye neenzuzo zezibane ze-LED kwixesha elizayo. Nokuba kukwindawo yokuhlala, yezorhwebo, okanye kwishishini, izibane ze-LED zimela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ubomi obude, kunye nokuguquguquka, okubenza kube lukhetho oluzinzileyo nolusebenzayo lwezisombululo zokukhanyisa.