Umlando Wokukhanyisa kukaKhisimusi: Ukusuka emakhandlela kuya kuma-LED

Imibala ekhazimulayo yezibani zikaKhisimusi, ezibenyezela emoyeni obandayo wangoDisemba, ivusa isifiso, imfudumalo, nomoya wenkathi yamaholide. Njengoba sijabulela lezi zibonisi ezikhanyayo, abambalwa abaqaphela umlando ocebile ngemuva kokuvela kokukhanya kukaKhisimusi. Hamba nathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba sihlola ukuthi ukukhanya kwamaholide kushintshe kanjani kusuka ekukhanyeni okuthobekile kwamakhandlela kuya kuma-LED aphilayo nawonga amandla anamuhla.

Inkathi Yezihlahla Zamakhandlela

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kufike izibani zikagesi, amakhandlela ayewumthombo oyinhloko wokukhanya phakathi nenkathi kaKhisimusi. Isiko lokukhanyisa amakhandlela ezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi kukholakala ukuthi lisukela ekhulwini le-17 eJalimane. Imindeni yayisebenzisa amakhandlela e-wax, enamathiselwe ngokucophelela emagatsheni ezihlahla zomsayipuresi. Ukukhanya kwekhandlela elilokozayo kwakufanekisela uKristu Njengokukhanya Komhlaba futhi kwengeza ikhwalithi yomlingo emibuthanweni yamaholide.

Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhandlela kwakungelona izingozi. Ukuvutha amalangabi ezihlahleni ezomile ezihlala ziluhlaza kwaholela ekusha kwezindlu eziningi, futhi imindeni kwadingeka iqaphe kakhulu. Amabhakede amanzi nesihlabathi ngokuvamile kwakugcinwa eduze, ukuze nje ukucwayiza kwenjabulo yomkhosi kuphenduke ilangabi eliyingozi. Naphezu kwezingozi, isiko lezihlahla ezikhanyiswe ngamakhandlela laqhubeka lisakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi ekugcineni lafika eMelika maphakathi nekhulu le-19.

Njengoba ukuthandwa kwanda, kanjalo nemibono emisha yokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwekhandlela kuphephe. Iziqeshana zensimbi, ama-counterweights, nezivikeli zamabulb engilazi bekungeminye yemizamo yakuqala yokusimamisa nokuvikela amalangabi. Naphezu kwalezi zinqubo ezintsha, izingozi ezingokwemvelo zenkathi yamakhandlela zafuna indlela entsha, ephephile yokukhanyisa izihlahla zikaKhisimusi.

Ukufika Kwezibani zikaKhisimusi zikagesi

Ukuphela kwekhulu le-19 kwaphawula ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile emlandweni wokukhanya kukaKhisimusi ngokufika kukagesi. Ngo-1882, u-Edward H. Johnson, umngane kaThomas Edison, wadala izibani zokuqala zikaKhisimusi zikagesi. UJohnson wafaka amalambu amalambu angama-80 abomvu, amhlophe, naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngentambo futhi wawajikijela esihlahleni sakhe sikaKhisimusi, ekhombisa umhlaba ngendalo yakhe eNew York City.

Ukuqanjwa okusha kwakhanga umphakathi ngokushesha. Lezi zibani zikagesi zakuqala zazisebenza ngejeneretha futhi, nakuba zaziphephe kakhulu kunamakhandlela, zaziwubukhazikhazi obubizayo. Abacebile kuphela ababekwazi ukushintsha amakhandlela abo ngezibani zikagesi, futhi kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lapho ukukhanya kukagesi kwabe sekufinyeleleka kabanzi emndenini ovamile.

I-General Electric yaqala ukunikela ngezinto zokukhanya zikagesi ezazihlanganiswe ngaphambili ngo-1903, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokuhlobisa izihlahla ngamalambu kagesi. Ngawo-1920, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinto zokwakha kwase kunciphise izindleko, okwenza izibani zikaKhisimusi zikagesi zibe isiko elivamile lamaholide emakhaya amaningi. Lolu shintsho alugcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa lunikeze nombukiso ogqamile futhi omibalabala, okuthuthukisa ubuhle besihlahla sikaKhisimusi.

I-Populalization of Outdoor Christmas Lighting

Ngokufinyeleleka okwandayo kwezibani zikagesi, inkambiso yokuhlobisa amakhaya nezikhala zangaphandle ngezibani zikaKhisimusi yavela ngeminyaka yawo-1920 kanye nawo-1930. UJohn Nissen no-Everett Moon, osomabhizinisi ababili abadumile baseCalifornia, bavame ukutuswa ngokusakaza ukukhanya kwangaphandle kukaKhisimusi. Basebenzisa izibani ezikhanyayo zikagesi ukuze bahlobise izihlahla zesundu ePasadena, benza umbono omangalisayo owakhuthaza abanye ngokushesha ukuba balandele okufanayo.

Imiphakathi yaqala ukuhlela amafestivali nemiqhudelwano ukuze ibonise imibukiso yayo ecwebezelayo. Ubusha bezindlu ezihlotshiswe kahle zasabalala ngokushesha kulo lonke elase-United States, futhi maduze nje, zonke izindawo ezingomakhelwane zizobamba iqhaza ekudaleni imibukiso emangalisayo, ehlelekile. Le mibono yaba yingxenye eyinhloko yesipiliyoni seholide, idonsa kokubili izakhamuzi zendawo nezivakashi ezivela kude ukuze zibuke izigcawu zemilingo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezimelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kwezibani zezintambo kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthandwa kwezibukiso zangaphandle zikaKhisimusi. Lezi zibani zivumele ukufakwa kalula nokuqina okukhulu, okuvumela imihlobiso eminingi nenwebekayo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kanjalo nokudala kwalabo abahlobisayo, okuholela ekubonisweni okunemininingwane kanye neyinkimbinkimbi.

Ama-Miniature Bulbs kanye Nenkathi Yokusungula Izinto

Ikhulunyaka lama-20 laletha intuthuko eyengeziwe kubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa uKhisimusi. Ngawo-1950, izibani zikaKhisimusi ezincane, ezaziwa ngokuthi izibani zezinganekwane, zaba yintukuthelo enkulu. Lawa ma-bulb amancane, ngokuvamile acishe abe ingxenye yesine yosayizi wama-bulb ajwayelekile, avumele ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ekuhlobiseni. Abakhiqizi bathuthukise izinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kusukela ekucwayizeni kuya kulawo adlala izingoma zemikhosi.

Lezi zinto ezintsha zilethe inkathi entsha yokubonisa ubuciko phakathi nenkathi yamaholide. Abantu babenezinketho eziningi kunangaphambili zokuhlobisa amakhaya abo, izihlahla nezingadi. Esikhundleni semibukiso emile yamashumi eminyaka angaphambili, imibukiso yokukhanya eguquguqukayo nesebenzisanayo ibe nokwenzeka. Izibalo ezigqwayizayo, imibukiso yokukhanya komculo, nezibonisi ezivumelanisiwe kulethe ungqimba olusha lomlingo emikhosini kaKhisimusi.

Ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokuhlala kwalezi zibani ezithuthukisiwe, izibonisi zomphakathi zaba zinkulu. Imigwaqo yasemadolobheni, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, kanye nawo wonke amapaki etimu aqala ukudala imibukiso emangalisayo edonse ukunaka kwezihlwele nabezindaba. Izibuko ezifana ne-Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree Lighting yase-New York City yaba izehlakalo eziyingqopha-mlando, ezigxile kwezamasiko ngesikhathi samaholide.

Ukuphakama Kwezibani zikaKhisimusi ze-LED

Ikhulu lama-21 lenze izinguquko ekukhanyeni kukaKhisimusi ngokufika kobuchwepheshe be-LED (Light Emitting Diode). Ama-LED anikeze izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ngaphezu kwama-incandescent bulbs. Asebenzisa ugesi omncane kakhulu, ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi akhipha ukushisa okuncane kakhulu, okuwenza aphephe futhi angabizi kakhulu. Izindleko eziphakeme zokuqala zama-LED zasheshe zasuswa ngenxa yokuphila kwawo isikhathi eside kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Izibani ze-LED nazo zinikeze ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nokuqamba okusha ekwakhiweni. Abakhiqizi bakhiqize ama-LED ngemibala eminingi nezitayela, kusukela kokumhlophe okuthambile kuya kokugqamile, amalambu e-RGB ahlelekayo (abomvu, aluhlaza, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kuvumele ukuqhubekela phambili kokuboniswa kwamaholide okomuntu siqu nokunobuciko, okuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezintandokazi zobuhle.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Smart baphinde bathuthukisa amandla ezibani zikaKhisimusi ze-LED. Ama-LED anikwe amandla e-Wi-Fi angalawulwa ngama-smartphone noma amanye amadivayisi ahlakaniphile, okuvumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bahlele kalula ukulandelana kokukhanya, bavumelanise nomculo, futhi baguqule imibala namaphethini. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeze noma ubani amandla okwenza izibonisi zezinga lochwepheshe kalula, aguqule ukuhlobisa kwamaholide kube uhlobo lobuciko olusebenzisanayo.

Ukukhathazeka ngemvelo nakho kube nomthelela ekwamukelweni okusheshayo kwezibani ze-LED. Ukusebenza kahle kwabo kwamandla kunciphisa i-carbon footprint yokuhlobisa iholide, kuhambisane nokugcizelela okukhulayo kwezinqubo ezizinzile. Njengoba lezi zibani ziqhubeka nokuguquguquka, kanjalo namandla azo okudala amaholidi amasha, alungele imvelo.

Kafushane, umlando wokukhanya kukaKhisimusi uwubufakazi bobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokuphishekela ngokungapheli ubuhle nokuphepha. Kusukela ekucwayizeni okuyingozi kwamakhandlela kuya ekucwebezeleni okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuvumelana nemvelo kwama-LED, izibani zamaholide ziguquke ngokuphawulekayo. Namuhla, azikhanyi nje kuphela imikhosi yethu kodwa futhi zibonisa inqubekelaphambili yamasiko kanye nekhono lethu lokusungula ngokuhlanganyela. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singacabanga nje ukuthi ikusasa likuphatheleni leli siko leholide elithandwayo.