Iyo Sayenzi Kuseri kwe LED Tambo Mwenje: Vanoshanda Sei?

Mwenje dzetambo dze LED zvinoshamisa zvemazuva ano mwenje tekinoroji, inoshandura nzvimbo nerunako rwadzo runopenya uye kushanda nesimba. Ingave yechiitiko chemutambo, manheru ane runyararo, kana kungoita chiedza chemukati memba mako, zviedza zvidiki izvi zvinobata kukwezva kukuru. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii chinoita kuti dzive dzakakosha zvakadaro? Chii chinonzi sainzi kuseri kwezvivheneko zvinokwezva izvi? Ngationgororei zvakadzika mukati mekushanda kwemukati kwemarambi etambo dze LED kuti tiburitse zvakavanzika izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanyatsoshanda uye zvinoyevedza.

Chii chinonzi LED?

Pamwoyo wemarambi etambo dze LED pane LED, kana Chiedza Emitting Diode. Kusiyana neyakajairwa incandescent bulbs, ma LED haavimbe nefilament kuti abudise chiedza. Pane kudaro, vanoshanda zvichienderana nehupfumi hwesemiconductors. Kana simba remagetsi richipfuura nepakati pezvinhu zve semiconductor, rinobudisa mafotoni - mapekiti maduku echiedza - achigadzira chiedza chinooneka.

Iyo semiconductor inoshandiswa muma LEDs inowanzogadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita se gallium arsenide uye gallium phosphide. Chimiro chesemiconductor chakakosha pakushanda kwayo. Yakagadzirwa iine pn junction, apo divi re “p” rizere nemapositive charge carriers (maburi) uye “n” side rakazara nema negative charge carriers (electrons). Kana simba remagetsi richiyerera nepamhanho iyi, maerekitironi anotama kubva kudivi re “n” kuenda kudivi re “p”, achisanganazve nemakomba uye achiburitsa simba muchimiro chechiedza.

Imwe yemabhenefiti ekutanga e LEDs ndiko kugona kwavo. Traditional incandescent bulbs anoparadza akakosha huwandu hwesimba sekupisa, nepo ma LED ane hunyanzvi pakushandura chikamu chepamusoro chesimba remagetsi rakananga kuchiedza. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera kweyero yakafanana yekupenya uye chinhu chakakosha pakuita mwenje wetambo ye LED sarudzo yakasarudzika.

Chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa che LEDs hupenyu hwavo hurefu. Nepo incandescent bulbs inogona kungogara zviuru zvishoma zvemaawa, maLED anogona kushanda kwemakumi ezviuru zvemaawa pasi pemamiriro akakwana. Uku kusimba, kwakasanganiswa nekusimba kwavo uye kushanda nesimba, kunoita kuti mwenje we LED tambo ive yakanakisa kudyara kwese kwenguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu kushandiswa.

Mwenje ye LED Inoshanda Sei?

Kuti unzwisise kushanda kwemwenje wetambo dze LED, zvakakosha kuti utarise izvo zvakakosha zvikamu uye kushanda kweiyo system yese. Chiedza chetambo che LED chinowanzo sanganisira nhevedzano yediki ma LED akabatana munhevedzano kana akafanana maseketi pamwe newaya inochinjika.

Iyo wiring configuration inoita basa rakakosha mumashandiro anoita mwenje. Mune akateedzana kumisikidzwa, iyo yazvino inoyerera kuburikidza neimwe LED sequentially. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana LED imwe ikakundikana, inogona kukanganisa tambo yose, zvichiita kuti mamwe ma LED abude. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekufambira mberi mune tekinoroji ye LED, mazhinji emazuva ano ma LED tambo mwenje anosanganisira shunt mechanism inobvumira ikozvino kunzvenga iyo yakakundikana LED, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ma LED asara anoramba achishanda.

Mukugadzirisa kwakafanana, LED imwe neimwe yakabatanidzwa yakazvimirira kune simba remagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana LED imwe ikakundikana, mamwe acharamba achishanda pasina kukanganisa. Nepo maparallel maseketi anogona kuve akaomarara uye anodhura kuita, iwo anopa kuvimbika kukuru uye anowanzo kufarirwa emhando yepamusoro tambo dze LED tambo.

Iyo magetsi sosi yemwenje ye LED tambo inogona kusiyana. Dzimwe tambo dzakagadzirirwa kubaya zvakananga mumadziro emadziro, nepo dzimwe dzichishandiswa nebhatiri kuti dzigone kutakurika. Iwo magetsi anodiwa kuti ashandise ma LED ane zvishoma, anowanzo kubva pa2 kusvika ku3 volts pa LED. Kune tambo dzinobatirira mumagetsi emumba, transformer kana rectifier inowanzo shandiswa kudzika voltage kubva pa120 volts AC kuenda kune yakakodzera DC voltage inodiwa nemaLED.

Mwenje dzemazuva ano dzetambo dze LED dzinowanzouya nemamwe maficha akadai sekuita dimming, mamodhi ekuchinja-mavara, uye mashandiro ekudzora kure. Izvi zvinoshanda zvinogoneka nekubatanidza mamicrocontrollers uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi mumagetsi etambo, zvichibvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa mwenje kuti uenderane neakasiyana marongero uye zvaunofarira.

Iko Kufambira mberi mu LED Technology

Iyo tekinoroji kuseri kwe LEDs yakashanduka zvakanyanya kubva pakuvambwa kwavo. Ma LED ekutanga aive akaganhurirwa kune yakaderera-yakasimba marambi matsvuku, asi nhasi, anouya mumakumi ezviuru emavara uye kusimba, achipa mamwe sarudzo kune vatengi. Uku kuwedzera kwemavara eruvara kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira semiconductor uye kuvandudzwa kwefosphor coating tekinoroji.

Mazhinji mwenje machena e LED anogadzirwa achishandisa bhuruu ma LED ane layer ye phosphor coating. Chiedza chebhuruu chinobudiswa ne LED chinofadza phosphor, iyo inobudisa chiedza chero. Kubatanidzwa kwechiedza cheblue neyero kunoburitsa chiedza chichena. Iyi nzira inoshanda uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana, inobvumira kugadzirwa kweinodziya chena, inotonhorera chena, uye masikati ma LEDs nekusiyanisa kuumbwa kwephosphor.

Kubudirira kwepamusoro ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iyo tekinoroji ye LED ine kusvetuka kwepamusoro uye miganhu. Hutsva hwakaita sekushandiswa kwemasinki ekupisa anobudirira uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinonyanya kushanda semiconductor zvakasundira miganhu yesimba remagetsi mumaLED. High-effect LEDs inokwanisa kushandura mamwe magetsi emagetsi kuva chiedza asina kupera zvishoma sekupisa, kushandura kuderedza mari yemagetsi uye kabhoni kabhoni kadiki.

Iko kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji nemwenje wetambo ye LED ndiko kumwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha. Smart LEDs inogona kudzorwa kuburikidza ne-smartphone app, ichipa maficha akadai sekuronga, kurongedza kwemavara, uye kubatanidzwa neakangwara ecosystems epamba. Izvi hazvingope zviri nyore chete asiwo zvinowedzera chikamu chekushanda chinogona kusimudzira ruzivo rwemushandisi.

Uyezve, kutsvagisa uye kusimukira mumunda weOrganic LEDs (OLEDs) uye Quantum Dot LEDs (QD-LEDs) inobata chivimbiso chekuwedzera kwakawanda. MaOLED anochinjika uye anogona kuburitsa chiedza chinoratidzika sechisikigo, nepo QD-LED ichipa kupenya kwakajeka uye kwakawanda kupenya, kuwedzera mashandisiro anogona kuita tekinoroji yeLED munzira itsva uye dzinonakidza.

Environmental Impact uye Sustainability

Imwe yemapoinzi ekutanga ekutengesa e LED tambo mwenje ndeye kuderedzwa kwavo kwemamiriro ekunze kana zvichienzaniswa nesarudzo dzemwenje dzechinyakare. Haisi chete ma LED anodya simba shoma, asi zvakare anogara akasimba uye ane hupenyu hurefu, zvichikonzera kushoma kutsiva uye kushomeka kwemarara. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kabhoni emissions inoenderana nekugadzirwa uye kuraswa.

Kugadzirwa kwe LED kwave zvakare kwakawedzera kushamwaridzana nekufamba kwemakore. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisina muchetura uye kudzikiswa kwemakemikari ane ngozi senge mercury, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa mumwenje wefluorescent, matanho akakosha kune mamwe maitiro akasimba ekugadzira. Zvakare, vazhinji vagadziri ve LED vava kutora nzira dzakasvibirira uye zvinhu, zvichiwedzera kudzikisa tsoka yezvakatipoteredza yezviedza izvi.

Iko kudzokororwa kwezvikamu zve LED kunowedzerawo kune yavo yekusimudzira chimiro. Zvikamu zvakawanda zvemwenje we LED, senge simbi dzimba uye mamwe marudzi esemiconductors, anogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve, kuderedza marara. Zvirongwa zvekudzokorodza mwenje we LED zviri kuwedzera kuwanda, zvichiita kuti vatengi varase maLED akare kana akanganisa zvine hungwaru.

LED tambo mwenje inotsigirawo kusimba kuburikidza nekuita kwavo simba. Kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwesimba kunoshandura zvakananga kumafuta mashoma efossil ari kupiswa kugadzira magetsi. Izvi hazvingodzikisi kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse asi zvinobatsirawo mukudzikisa kunetsa pagidhi remagetsi, kunyanya panguva dzekushandisa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, munguva yezororo apo mamiriyoni edzimba nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakashongedzwa nemwenje, kuchengetedza kwemagetsi kunobva mukushandiswa kwe LED kunogona kuve kwakakura.

Pamusoro pezvo, hupenyu hurefu hwema LEDs hunoreva kutsiva kushoma uye kushomeka kwekugadzira, izvo zvinowedzera kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti LED inogona kugara ka25 kureba kupfuura girobhu reincandescent uye ka10 kureba kupfuura compact fluorescent rambi (CFL). Hupenyu hurefu uhu hunochengetedza zviwanikwa, hunoderedza marara, uye hunosimudzira nzira yakagadzikana yekuvhenekesa.

Zvishandiso uye Remangwana Kugona kwe LED String Mwenje

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemwenje dzetambo dze LED dzinoita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Kubva pakushongedzwa kwezororo uye zviitiko zvakakosha kusvika pakuvaka uye mwenje wepasi, maLED anopa zvisingaenzaniswi kuchinjika uye hunyanzvi. Saizi yavo diki uye kugona kuburitsa kupenya, mwenje unopenya inoita kuti mwenje wetambo ye LED ive yakakwana kune chero mamiriro ezvinhu uko kukwezva kweanoyevedza uye kushanda nesimba kunodiwa.

Imwe yemisika iri kukura yemwenje ye LED tambo iri munzvimbo ye smart imba tekinoroji. Nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakangwara, vatengi vanogona kudzora mwenje yavo yetambo kuburikidza nemirairo yezwi, maapplication, kana kunyange otomatiki masisitimu. Izvi zvinobvumira zvirongwa zvemwenje zvemunhu zvinogona kuchinja nemwaka, nguva yezuva, kana kunyange mamiriro echiitiko. Iko kugona kuyananisa tambo dze LED mwenje nemimhanzi, semuenzaniso, inogadzira inonyudza zviitiko zvemapati uye kuungana.

Chimwe chiri kubuda chikumbiro chiri mune zvekurima, kunyanya muchimiro che LED kukura mwenje. Zviedza izvi zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera chiedza chezuva mumagreenhouses uye setups yekurima yemukati, zvichipa iwo akakosha mafungu echiedza anodiwa paphotosynthesis. Iko kugona uye kugadzirisa kugona kwe LEDs kunoita kuti anyatsokodzera chinangwa ichi, zvichikonzera kukura kwechirimwa chine hutano uye goho rakakwenenzverwa.

Tichitarisa kune ramangwana, tinogona kutarisira kunyange zvimwe zvitsva mu LED tekinoroji. Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi mukusimudzira kusimba uye kugona kwe LEDs, pamwe nekugadzira mamwe epamberi ekutonga uye maficha. Nekusimuka kweInternet yeZvinhu (IoT), mwenje wetambo dze LED angangove akabatana zvakanyanya, achipa nzira nyowani dzekudyidzana nekugadzirisa nharaunda dzedu dzekuvhenekesa.

Zvakare, kufambira mberi mune zvesainzi uye mainjiniya kunogona kutungamira mukuvandudzwa kwemarambi eLED ane simba repamusoro, hupenyu hurefu, uye maapplication matsva atisati tamboona. Ichiri kusimukira matekinoroji senge mamicro-LED uye kufambira mberi mune semiconductor dhizaini inobata vimbiso kune yakatonyanya compact uye inoshanda mwenje mhinduro, ichigadzira nzira yezvitsva zveramangwana.

Mukupedzisa, mwenje wetambo ye LED inomiririra kusvetuka kwakakosha kumberi muhunyanzvi hwekuvhenekesa. Nekunzwisisa sainzi kuseri kwavo, tinogona kukoshesa zvakanakira zvavo maererano nekushanda, hupenyu hurefu, uye kuita zvakasiyana. Iko kuenderera mberi kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwe LED kunovimbisa kuti mwenje iyi icharamba iri pamberi pekugadzirisa mwenje kwemakore anotevera. Kunyangwe kusimudzira kushongedza kwemba, kugadzira ambiance yezviitiko, kana kunyange kubatsira mukugadzirwa kwekurima, mwenje wetambo ye LED inopenya zvakajeka sechiratidzo chehungwaru uye kusimba kwevanhu.