Saense e ka Morao ho Mabone a Khoele ea LED: A sebetsa Joang?

Mabone a likhoele tsa LED ke mohlolo oa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea mabone, e fetolang libaka ka botle ba tsona bo benyang le matla a matla. Ebang ke moketeng oa mokete, mantsiboea a khutsitseng, kapa mabone a teng ka tlung ea hau, mabone ana a khahla haholo. Empa na u kile ua ipotsa hore na ke eng e etsang hore li khethehe hakaale? Ke mahlale a fe a hlahisang mabone aa a hapang maikutlo? Ha re hlahlobeng ka botebo tšebetso e kahare ea mabone a likhoele tsa LED ho senola makunutu a etsang hore a sebetse hantle ebile a be monate.

LED ke eng?

Bohareng ba mabone a likhoele tsa LED ke LED, kapa Light Emitting Diode. Ho fapana le mabone a tloaelehileng a incandescent, li-LED ha li itšetlehe ka filament ho hlahisa leseli. Ho e-na le hoo, ba sebetsa ho itšetlehile ka thepa ea li-semiconductors. Ha motlakase o feta har'a thepa ea semiconductor, o ntša li-photon—liphutheloana tse nyenyane tsa khanya—ho etsa khanya e bonahalang.

Semiconductor e sebelisoang ho li-LED hangata e entsoe ka thepa e kang gallium arsenide le gallium phosphide. Sebopeho sa semiconductor se bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea sona. E entsoe ka pn junction, moo lehlakore la "p" le tletseng li-carriers tse ntle (likoti) 'me lehlakore la "n" le tletse li-carriers tse fosahetseng (li-electrone). Ha motlakase o phalla ka mateanong ana, li-electrone li falla ho tloha ka lehlakoreng la "n" ho ea ka lehlakoreng la "p", li kopana hape le masoba le ho lokolla matla ka mokhoa oa leseli.

E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mantlha ea li-LED ke bokhoni ba tsona. Mabone a khale a incandescent a senya matla a mangata joalo ka mocheso, athe li-LED li tseba ho fetola karolo e phahameng ea matla a motlakase hore e be leseli. Sena se fella ka tšebeliso e tlase ea matla bakeng sa boemo bo tšoanang ba khanya 'me ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ho etsa hore mabone a likhoele tsa LED e be khetho e ratoang.

Ntho e 'ngoe e hlokomelehang ea li-LED ke nako ea tsona ea nako e telele. Le hoja li-incandescent bulbs li ka nka lihora tse likete tse 'maloa feela, li-LED li ka sebetsa lihora tse mashome a likete tlas'a maemo a nepahetseng. Ho tšoarella hona, ho kopantsoe le ho tiea ha bona le matla a bona a matla, ho etsa hore mabone a likhoele tsa LED e be letsete le letle bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea nako e khuts'oane le ea nako e telele.

Mabone a Khoele ea LED a sebetsa Joang?

Ho utloisisa ts'ebetso ea mabone a likhoele tsa LED, ho bohlokoa ho sheba likarolo tsa mantlha le ts'ebetso ea sistimi eohle. Leseli la likhoele tsa LED hangata le na le letoto la li-LED tse nyane tse hokahaneng ka li-circuits kapa li-circuits tse bapileng ka terata e tenyetsehang.

Tlhophiso ea lithapo e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tseleng eo mabone a sebetsang ka eona. Ka tlhophiso ea letoto, hajoale e phalla ho LED ka 'ngoe ka tatellano. Sena se bolela hore haeba LED e le 'ngoe e hlōleha, e ka ama khoele eohle, ea etsa hore li-LED tse ling li tsoe. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea LED, mabone a mangata a morao-rao a LED a kenyelletsa mochine oa shunt o lumellang hona joale ho feta LED e hlōlehileng, ho etsa bonnete ba hore li-LED tse setseng li tsoela pele ho sebetsa.

Ka tlhophiso e ts'oanang, LED ka 'ngoe e hokahane ka boikemelo ho mohloli oa matla. Sena se bolela hore haeba LED e le 'ngoe e hlōleha, tse ling li tla tsoela pele ho sebetsa ntle le tšitiso. Le hoja li-circuits tse bapileng li ka ba thata le ho feta ho li kenya ts'ebetsong, li fana ka ts'epo e kholo 'me hangata li ratoa bakeng sa mabone a likhoele tsa boleng bo holimo tsa LED.

Mohloli oa matla bakeng sa mabone a likhoele tsa LED a ka fapana. Lithapo tse ling li etselitsoe ho hokela ka kotloloho maboteng, ha tse ling li sebetsa ka beteri hore li nkehe. Matla a hlokahalang ho sebelisa li-LED a batla a le tlaase, hangata a tloha ho 2 ho ea ho 3 volts ka LED. Bakeng sa likhoele tse hokelang motlakaseng o tloaelehileng oa ntlo, sefetoleli kapa se lokisa hangata se sebelisoa ho theola motlakase ho tloha ho 120 volts AC ho ea ho motlakase o loketseng oa DC o hlokoang ke li-LED.

Mabone a sejoale-joale a likhoele tsa LED a atisa ho tla le likarolo tse ling tse kang bokhoni ba ho fifala, mekhoa ea ho fetola mebala le ts'ebetso ea taolo e hole. Ts'ebetso ena e khoneha ka ho kenyelletsa li-microcontrollers le likarolo tse ling tsa elektroniki ka har'a mabone a likhoele, e leng ho lumellang basebelisi ho etsa mabone ho latela maemo le likhetho tse fapaneng.

Tsoelo-pele ho Theknoloji ea LED

Theknoloji ea li-LED e fetohile haholo ho tloha ha e qala. Li-LED tsa pele li ne li lekanyelitsoe ho mabone a mafubelu a tlaase, empa kajeno, li na le mebala e mengata le matla a mangata, li fana ka likhetho tse eketsehileng bakeng sa bareki. Keketseho ena ea ponahalo ea mebala e bakoa haholo ke tsoelo-pele ea thepa e sebelisoang ho theha semiconductor le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a ho roala phosphor.

Mabone a mangata a masoeu a LED a entsoe ka li-LED tse putsoa tse nang le lera la phosphor. Leseli le leputsoa le hlahisoang ke LED le thabisa phosphor, eo le eona e hlahisang leseli le mosehla. Motsoako oa khanya e putsoa le e mosehla e hlahisa khanya e tšoeu. Mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle ebile o feto-fetoha, o lumella ho hlahisa li-LED tse futhumetseng tse tšoeu, tse tšoeu tse pholileng le tsa motšehare ka ho fetola sebopeho sa phosphor.

Bokhoni bo phahameng ke sebaka se seng moo theknoloji ea LED e nang le maemo a holimo le meeli. Litlhahiso tse kang tšebeliso ea licheso tsa mocheso tse sebetsang hantle haholoanyane le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle tsa semiconductor li sutumelitse meeli ea matla a matla ho li-LED. Li-LED tse sebetsang hantle haholo li khona ho fetola matla a mangata a motlakase ho khanya a sa senyeheng haholo joaloka mocheso, ho fetolela ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla le sebaka se senyenyane sa carbon footprint.

Ho kopanngoa ha theknoloji e bohlale le mabone a likhoele tsa LED ke tsoelo-pele e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa. Li-LED tse bohlale li ka laoloa ka li-apps tsa smartphone, tse fanang ka likarolo tse kang ho hlophisa, ho hlophisa mebala, le ho kopanya le tikoloho e bohlale ea lapeng. Sena ha se fane feela ka boiketlo empa hape se eketsa lera la ts'ebetso e ka ntlafatsang boiphihlelo ba mosebelisi.

Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele lefapheng la Organic LEDs (OLEDs) le Quantum Dot LEDs (QD-LEDs) li tšoere tšepiso ea katleho e kholoanyane. Li-OLED lia tenyetseha 'me li ka hlahisa leseli le shebahalang ka tlhaho, ha QD-LED e fana ka khanya e khanyang le e mebala-bala, e atolosa lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang tsa theknoloji ea LED ka litsela tse ncha le tse thabisang.

Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho le Moshoelella

E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa mantlha tsa thekiso ea mabone a likhoele tsa LED ke phello ea bona e fokotsehileng ea tikoloho ha e bapisoa le likhetho tsa mabone a setso. Hase feela hore li-LED ha li sebelise matla a fokolang, empa li boetse li tšoarella nako e telele 'me li na le nako e telele ea bophelo, e leng se etsang hore ho be le libaka tse fokolang le litšila tse fokolang. Sena se kenya letsoho ho fokotseng khabone e amanang le tlhahiso le ho lahla.

Ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa LED ho boetse ho fetohile botsoalle haholoanyane ho theosa le lilemo. Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse se nang chefo le phokotso ea lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi tse kang mercury, tse atisang ho fumanoa maboneng a fluorescent, ke mehato e meholo e lebisang mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea tlhahiso. Ho feta moo, bahlahisi ba bangata ba LED ba se ba ntse ba sebelisa mekhoa le lisebelisoa tse tala, tse fokotsang sebaka sa tikoloho ea mabone ana.

Ho sebelisoa hape ha likarolo tsa LED ho boetse ho eketsa boemo ba bona ba ts'ebetso. Likarolo tse ngata tsa lebone la LED, joalo ka matlo a tšepe le mefuta e meng ea li-semiconductors, li ka sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa hape, ho fokotsa litšila. Mananeo a ho nchafatsa mabone a LED a ntse a ata haholo, a lumella bareki ho lahla li-LED tsa khale kapa tse fosahetseng ka mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo.

Mabone a likhoele tsa LED a boetse a ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso ka matla a bona a matla. Phokotso ea tšebeliso ea matla e fetolela ka ho toba hore ho be le libeso tse fokolang tse chesoang ho fehla motlakase. Sena ha se fokotse feela ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše empa hape se thusa ho fokotsa khatello ho marang-rang a motlakase, haholo-holo linakong tsa tšebeliso e phahameng haholo. Ka mohlala, nakong ea matsatsi a phomolo ha matlo a limilione le libaka tsa sechaba li khabisitsoe ka mabone, ho boloka motlakase ka lebaka la ho sebelisa li-LED e ka ba tse ngata.

Ho feta moo, nako e telele ea bophelo ea li-LED e bolela ho nkeloa sebaka ho fokolang le tlhahiso e fokolang khafetsa, e leng ho fokotsang tšusumetso ea tikoloho. Ho hakanngoa hore LED e ka tšoarella nako e telele ka makhetlo a 25 ho feta tleloubu ea incandescent le makhetlo a 10 ho feta lebone la compact fluorescent (CFL). Nako ena ea nako e telele e baballa lisebelisoa, e fokotsa litšila, 'me e khothalletsa mokhoa o tsitsitseng haholoanyane oa ho khantša.

Likopo le Monyetla oa Bokamoso oa Mabone a Khoele ea LED

Ho feto-fetoha ha mabone a likhoele tsa LED ho etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Ho tloha mekhabisong ea matsatsi a phomolo le liketsahalo tse khethehileng ho ea ho mabone a meralo le a naha, li-LED li fana ka phetoho e ke keng ea lekanngoa le boqapi. Boholo ba tsona bo nyane le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa leseli le khanyang, le khanyang li etsa hore mabone a likhoele tsa LED a be a loketseng boemo bofe kapa bofe moo boipiletso bo botle le matla a matla a batloang.

E 'ngoe ea limmaraka tse ntseng li hola bakeng sa mabone a likhoele tsa LED li sebakeng sa theknoloji ea lapeng e bohlale. Ka ho kopanngoa ha likarolo tse bohlale, bareki ba ka laola mabone a bona ka litaelo tsa lentsoe, li-apps, kapa esita le li-automation systems. Sena se lumella merero ea mabone ea motho ka mong e ka fetohang ho latela sehla, nako ea letsatsi, kapa maikutlo a ketsahalo. Bokhoni ba ho hokahanya mabone a likhoele tsa LED le 'mino, mohlala, bo hlahisa liphihlelo tse tebileng bakeng sa meketjana le likopano.

Tšebeliso e 'ngoe e hlahang ke ea temo, haholo-holo ka sebōpeho sa mabone a LED. Mabone ana a sebelisetsoa ho tlatselletsa khanya ea letsatsi ka har'a li-greenhouses le li-setups tsa temo ea kahare, ho fana ka maqhubu a bohlokoa a khanya a hlokahalang bakeng sa photosynthesis. Bokhoni ba li-LED bo sebetsang hantle le bo ikhethileng bo li etsa hore li tšoanelehe hantle bakeng sa morero ona, e leng se hlahisang kholo ea semela se phetseng hantle le chai e ntle.

Ha re sheba bokamoso, re ka lebella le lintlafatso tse ngata ho theknoloji ea LED. Lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea li-LED, hammoho le ho ntlafatsa taolo le likarolo tse tsoetseng pele. Ka ho phahama ha Marang-rang a Lintho (IoT), mabone a likhoele tsa LED a kanna a hokahana le ho feta, a fana ka mekhoa e mecha ea ho sebelisana le ho etsa maemo a rona a mabone.

Ho feta moo, tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang le boenjineri e ka lebisa nts'etsopele ea mabone a LED a nang le matla a holimo le ho feta, nako e telele ea bophelo, le lits'ebetso tse ncha tseo re seng re sa li nahane. Litheknoloji tse ntseng li hlaha joalo ka li-LED tse nyane le tsoelopele molemong oa moralo oa semiconductor li na le ts'episo ea tharollo ea mabone a kopaneng le a sebetsang hantle, a bulang tsela bakeng sa boqapi ba nako e tlang.

Qetellong, mabone a likhoele tsa LED a emela tsoelo-pele e kholo ea theknoloji ea mabone. Ka ho utloisisa mahlale a ka morao ho bona, re ka ananela hamolemo melemo ea bona mabapi le ts'ebetso, bophelo bo bolelele, le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo. Khatelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji ea LED e tiisa hore mabone ana a tla lula a le ka pele ho tharollo ea mabone lilemo tse tlang. Ebang ke ho ntlafatsa mokhabiso oa lapeng, ho theha tikoloho bakeng sa liketsahalo, kapa esita le ho thusa tlhahisong ea temo, mabone a likhoele tsa LED a khanya ka mokhoa o hlakileng e le bopaki ba bohlale ba motho le botsitso.